高效的LAN结构

Efficient LAN structures 高效的LAN结构 With ‘Fibre to the Office’, more future in the network 因为“光纤到办公室”，光纤在未来会使用的更多 The innovation cycles are becoming ever shorter. Whereas active network components can be adapted relatively easily to the changed requirements, building cabling is very static and can only be modified with huge effort. Fibre optic is the only medium that ideally fulfils future requirements. 创新周期变得越来越短。而动态网络元件能很容易的适应相对的改变要求。楼层布线是静态的，需要花很大功夫才能修改。光纤是唯一最符合未来要求的介质。 The transmission bandwidths in corporate networks (LANs) are increasing; with the constant spread of Thin Clients, the relevant applications are also being transmitted in addition to data. This is supplemented by current applications such as IP telephony, which places high demands on transmission times (delay) and availability and thus requires future-oriented network structures. 企业网络（LANs）的传输带宽正在不断增加；随着瘦客户机的不断蔓延，除数据外，相关的应用也在传输。这由当前的应用补充，例如IP电话，它非常依赖传输时间(延迟)和可用性。因此需要有面向未来的网络结构。 If the volatility of these developments is taken into account, it soon becomes clear that a future-proof approach needs to be found in the planning of local network structures that specifically takes into account the scalability and upgradeability of the network. With the prevailing rate of innovation, a network is already out-of-date after just two to three years. 如果将这些发展的变化性也考虑到的话。那样，很快就会明确的发现，在规划本地网络结构时，需要找到一个由未来保证的方法，特别是要考虑到网络的可扩展性和可升级性。随着创新速度的加快，一个网络在两三年后就将被淘汰。 Hardware upgrades of the active network components to new technologies can usually be realised with less effort. Primarily, the trend in which functionality is increasingly determined by software or firmware facilitates the implementation of new innovation advances. The exchange or addition of new components can also be carried out easily. 将动态网络组件的硬件升级到新技术，通常可以事半功倍的实现。首先，在目前的趋势中，功能越来越取决于软件或固件，从而便于实施新的创新进步。并且还可以很容易的交换或增加新的部件。 Passive building cabling, however, is subject to entirely different innovation cycles. Unlike with the active technology, a rapid changeover in ongoing operations is not conceivable here. For this reason, the planning of passive cabling needs to be designed in such a way that operation is possible over a much longer period. The efficiency of a passive LAN network still needs to be guaranteed long after it has been installed. 然而，被动楼层布线是属于一个完全不同的创新周期。不像动态的技术，它的创新速度超乎人的想象。因此，被动布线在规划时，需要设计成一个长时期有效的形式。被动LAN的有效性在安装后，必须保证很长的时间。 Fibre optic as building infrastructure 光纤作为楼层的基础结构 Fibre optic is the only medium that ideally fulfils the aforementioned requirements. The most important feature of the fibre optic is its high bandwidth in combination with great transmission lengths. Problems such as sensitivity to electro-magnetic disruptions, interfering signal transmissions (EMV), potential differences and grounding errors can thus not occur in the first place. 光纤是符合上述要求的唯一最好介质。光纤最重要的一个特点是在长距离传输时，也有高带宽。像电磁干扰的灵敏度、干扰信号的播送（EMV）、潜在的分歧和接地错误等问题不会出现。 Particularly with regard to the rapidly growing capacity requirements of modern data networks, the aforementioned features of the fibre optics cannot be reached by any other technology. Consequently, the installation of a continuous fibre optic network means a long-term safeguarding of investment for the operator. 特别是对于现代数据网络容量需求的迅速增长，光纤的上述功能是其他的任何技术无法取代的。因此，安装一个连续的光纤网络对经营者来说，是一个长期的安全投资。 Both for existing and newly planned networks, an intelligent combination of twisted pair and fibre optic cabling represents the best solution. Through a series of aids such as central medium converters and workgroup switches with fibre optic uplink, a cost-attractive and future-proof network can be realised. 对现有的和新规划的网络来说，智能的结合双绞线与光纤布线是最佳的解决方案。通过一系列的援助，如中心媒体转换器和有光纤上行的工作组交换机。这样就可以实现一个成本低，且有未来保证的网络。 The ‘classically’ structured cabling envisages a hierarchical structure that branches out from the primary backbone area via the secondary distributor area to the tertiary participant connection. Fibre optic is only used in the primary and secondary distributor area in this concept. The tertiary level area, however, is used in copper technology. 传统的结构化布线设想了一个层次结构。在该结构中，使通过二级分配领域到第三级的连接，实现从主干网络进行分支。在这个理念中，光纤是只用在主干和二级分配领域。第三层领域是用铜技术。 However, such a structure has a low level of flexibility in the transfer to new technologies, as the sub-divisions in the levels also need to be taken into account, in addition to the main distributor. The use of copper cables also limits the capacity of the implemented lines. 但是，这种结构在转移到新技术的灵活性很低，除主分支外，该水平的分支也需要考虑到。铜电缆的使用也限制了执行线路的容量。 With new technologies such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet in the backbone area, more and more gigabit connections are also being realised within the building. This means that the role of the fibre optic is becoming increasingly important. The modular design of optical connections in the form of pluggable receivables (SFPs) has played an important role in this. 随着在骨干领域使用像万兆以太网之类的新技术，在建筑里，越来越多的实现了千兆连接。这意味着光纤的角色正变得越来越重要。光纤连接的模块化设计（可插拔SFPs）在这里面发挥了重要的作用。 Fibre to the Office 光纤到办公室 In contrast to the ‘classical’ concept, there is a contemporary approach that uses the superiority of fibre optic. In the concept of ‘Fibre to the Office’ (FTTO), the fibre optic is installed continuously from the central building distributor to the final area. This is possible without further active intermediate distributors due to the features of fibre optics. The entire network thus consists of a single star, going out directly from the central distributor. 与‘传统’概念相比，这里有一种利用光纤优势的当代方式。在‘光纤到办公室’（FTTO）的概念中，光纤是不断的从中央大楼分配处安装到最后领域。由于光纤的钙功能，就可以不再需要动态的中间分配器。这样包括单一星符的整个网络可以从中心分配器直接出去。 This approach results in considerable cost benefits, as the active intermediate converters are no longer necessary and thus acquisition, installation and maintenance costs are reduced. By foregoing level sub-distributors, less space is required. Further measures such as access controls, fire protection, air conditioning, protected electricity supply, etc. are superfluous, which means that operating costs can be drastically reduced. 这种方法意味着在相当大的成本效益。因为不再需要动态的中间转换器，这样采购、安装及维修成本也不断降低。通过前述的子分配器，只需要较小的空间。诸如访问控制、消防、空气调节装置、保障电力供应等进一步措施已不再需要。这意味着经营成本也可以大幅降低。 Furthermore, the centralised structure means that the administration and the scalability of a network can be carried out more easily. This flexibility and future-proofness is an important aspect, as transfers to new technologies can be done simply through the exchange of active network components whilst maintaining the passive cabling. 此外，中央管理结构意味着网络的管理和可扩展性可以很容易的实现。灵活性和未来保证是一<